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DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS (Demonstrativpronomen)
Function
With a demonstrative pronoun, the speaker or writer points at someone or something that has already been defined, or needs be revisited, as distinguished from Personalpronomen, which are not demonstrative.
Demonstrativpronomen are to either accompany a noun, or substitute for one (e.g. diese Person). As a noun substitute, the Demonstrativpronomen has similarities with the 3.Person-Personalpronomen. Example:
Similarly as the Personalpronomen es (see there, Comment 5), the neuter form of the Demonstrativpronomen may refer back to an entire sentence. Example:
There are four sets of Demonstrativpronomen, members of each set to be declined. Consequently, the German grammar can offer a wealth of options. Writers and speakers have the grammatical choice anywhere from being very specific, to less specific or even vague. It remains the translator's obligation to convey to the English reader the intentions of the original German text.
To sum this up, one has typically available a spectrum of grammatical choices that help make miscommunication in the German language fairly preventible through remarkably little effort. To be familiar with the pertinent grammatical rules is clearly worth the effort, considering the benefit, which can be greater the more erudite the communication tends to be. Demonstrativpronomen can play a significant role. Of the demonstrative pronouns, the shortest simplest choice available is generally preferred, except to avoid an ambiguity.
Die Demonstrativpronomen der, die, das
Comments
Singular
Plural
Maskulin
Feminin
Neutrum
M, F, N
Nominativ
der
die
das
die
Akkusativ
den
die
das
die
Dativ
dem
der
dem
denen
Genitiv
dessen
deren
dessen
deren
Examples:
Singular | Plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference | Kasus | M | F | N | M, F, N |
forward | Nom,Akk,Dat,Gen | dessen | derer | dessen | derer |
back | Genitiv | dessen | deren | dessen | deren |
Table Demonstrativpronomen dieser, diese, dieses
jener, jene, jenes
[...] is omitted when dies or all stand alone
Singular
Plural
M
F
N
M, F, N
Nominativ
dieser
diese
dies[es]
diese
Akkusativ
diesen
diese
dies[es]
diese
Dativ
diesem
dieser
diesem
diesen
Genitiv
dieses
dieser
dieses
dieser
Wenn not clear, use erstere[r] versus letztere[r] (=former, latter). The [r] is required only when reference is made to a noun of male gender. Else, r to be omitted.
Remenber: "Er begrüßte diesen und jenen (=einige) in dem und jenem Hotel (=einigen Hotels)".
Table Demonstrativpronomen derjenige, diejenige, dasjenige
Comments
Singular
Plural
M
F
N
M, F, N
Nominativ
derjenige
diejenige
dasjenige
diejenigen
Akkusativ
denjenigen
diejenige
dasjenige
diejenigen
Dativ
demjenigen
derjenigen
demjenigen
diejenigen
Genitiv
desjenigen
derjenigen
desjenigen
derjenigen
These pronouns are to identify and select a person or thing that is to further be identified in a Relativsatz (=clause connected by a relative pronoun or relative particle) or following attribute. When no ambiguity results, these pronouns are used in their short form der, die, dem. Examples:
Table Demonstrativpronomen derselbe, dieselbe, dasselbe
Comments
Singular
Plural
M
F
N
M, F, N
Nominativ
derselbe
dieselbe
dasselbe
dieselben
Akkusativ
denselben
dieselbe
dasselbe
dieselben
Dativ
demselben
derselben
demselben
denselben
Genitiv
desselben
derselben
desselben
derselben
In the last two examples, dasselbe indicates an one-to-one identity, and das gleiche indicates a class identity. The latter would mean the same brand of parfum.
Though in these two examples different reference nouns are used, the highest stucture versus the Eiffel tower, both happen to have the height of 321 m.
Go on to the next page (Relative and Interrogative Pronouns)
Return to Page 1, Pronouns' main page: Personal Pronoun
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Created: 13.04.98
Last modified: 13.04.98
Author: H.Vogel email: hvogel@travlang.com
Site maintained by: H.Vogel
Copyright (c)H.Vogel at The Travlang Company, 1998.
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